Ancient Egypt Gods

 

Ancient Egypt experienced lots of Egyptian deities that ancient Egyptians considered as gods and goddesses. Until their number reached more than 1500, according to many historical sources, and the most famous ancient Egypt gods back then were Amon, Horus, and Osiris, and they kept being worshiped until the advent of Christ, after then Egypt was turned to Christianity.

 

 

Amon

It is the lord of all ancient Egypt gods and their leader. Ancient Egyptians consider it to be the creator of the world and its name meaning is "the invisible". Its head is the head of a ram and appears as a bearded man wearing a hat with two long feathers, sometimes sitting on the throne, sometimes taking the form of a god, and sometimes the shape of a ram with curved horns.

Worshiping Amon first appeared in the territory of Thebes, and is considered to be one of the members of the Ashmunin Thamun, then it became the official idol of the modern empire, it was called the “King of the Gods” and merged with other great gods, becoming “Amun-Ra”, “Amon-Min”, and “Amon-Khnum”.

 

Osiris

It is considered to be the god of fertility, agriculture, god the dead, the underworld and the flood, and Abydos was the center of worshiping Osiris and it was depicted in the shape of a beard, colored either in green or black, wearing the crown of Upper Egypt, and embalmed like a mummy.

It is the most known god and it owes his fame to being worshiped for nearly two thousand years and based on that fame, his temples were erected along the shores of the sea and it continued until the advent of Christianity.

 

Isis

The literal meaning of the word Isis is "the seat or throne". It was depicted as a woman breastfeeding her child, the mother goddess of Horus. When it wears the celestial disc and cow horns, it becomes the goddess "Hathor", it was also depicted in the form of a woman with the throne chair on her head, so it was called the goddess of the royal throne.

Sister and wife of the god "Osiris", and the mother of the god "Horus", who protected him from many dangers. it played an important role as a charming goddess, always representing a woman bearing the sign of the "throne" on her head, and sometimes wearing a crown consisting of two horns and the sun disk between them, and took different forms of ancient Egypt gods. Worship spread in Europe since the Greco-Roman period.

 

Horus

The god Hor or Horus, the son of the god Osiris and the goddess Aizah or Isis, the wife of the god Osiris, was depicted in the form of a falcon or a human with a falcon head. The Egyptian people believed that the eyes of Horus were the sun (right) and the moon (left).

An ancient deity of the sky, and since the beginning of historical times, Horus has been a symbol of the king, living or dead.

 

Apis

Apis was the most important deity among the sacred calves in the land of the Nile, and he was a god of fertility, and the center of his worship was in the city of Memphis since the early dynastic era, and became associated with Ptah, the god of that city, then became the great spirit "Ptah" that appeared on earth in the form of a calf and with the death of Apis turned into The god Osiris and was called Osiris - Apis.

The calf "Apis" had distinctive marks on its skin and was represented by placing the sun disk between its horns.

 

Ptah

The local deity of the city of Memphis currently in Cairo was always represented in a human form and wrapped like a mummy with a shaven head, and at first he was nothing but a master of craftsmen and industry, and then attributed to him the creation of arts, and held in his hands symbols of rule, strength and life, which is a scepter made of a grandfather column and a scepter.

 

Hathor

The goddess of the sky and the patroness of women, love and music, the daughter of Ra and the wife of Horus, and sometimes called the mother of Horus, where the name of this goddess means the dwelling of Horus, and her sacred animal is the cow and her sacred symbol is the musical instrument sistrum.

Hathor is considered the protector of women and the goddess of fun, love, music, dance and songs, and she feeds the living with her milk, so we see the pharaoh suckling from the breast of the cow.

Its name means "House of Horus", and it is the "Ain of Ra" that destroyed his enemies, in addition to that she was worshiped as the goddess of the dead in Thebes in particular. She is often represented in the form of a woman carrying a crown consisting of two horns between the sun disk or a cow, and sometimes we see her as a lioness, a snake or a tree. , but he was saved from it, and he had a special worship in popular circles in the late era.

 

Ra

The god Ra is the sun and the giver of life, and his center of worship was Heliopolis. it became the god of heaven and the father of Pharaoh and united with many ancient Egypt gods such as (Amun - Khnum - Mentu - Sobek) and called (Amun - Ra, Hanum - Ra, Mento - Ra, Sobek - Ra).

 

Anubis

Or “Enhart” and its name means “the one who brings the distant”. The Egyptians portrayed him in the form of a man with a crown of 4 feathers on his head. The city of Thana was his original home, and it was merged with the god “Shu” under the name “Anuris-Shu” and then took great fame.

 

Atom

Its name means perfect or complete. The Egyptians believed that he created himself from himself at the top of the eternal hill, and therefore he is the creator of the world. He was created from himself and by himself “Shou and Tefnut”, and on this basis he is at the top of the list of the Heliopolis ninth, he merged with the god “Ra” and was known as "Atom Ra".

 

Aton

The “sun disk”, which was not worshiped before the modern state, rose during the reign of King “Akhenaten” to be the only god.

Like “Aten” at first the head of a falcon, then as a sun disk with rays ending in a human hand that often holds the sign of life.

Among his nicknames, the heat emanating from the sun’s disk, the Lord of the two horizons, who shines in his horizon in his name, as the father of “Ra” who returned to us as “Aten”.

 

Imhotep

The engineer of King “Djoser” for whom he built his architectural group, as he was the first to use stone in a complete building, and his genius extended to medicine as well. In the 26th dynasty, the Egyptians began to worship him and named him Ibn “Ptah”, and after that the Greeks alone with “Asclepius” their god of medicine.

Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, was an Egyptian pharaoh who lived during the 18th dynasty (approximately 1341-1323 BCE). He is well-known for his young age when he ascended to the throne and the discovery of his intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings in 1922. Despite his brief reign, Tutankhamun has captured the imagination of people around the world due to the mystery surrounding his life and death.

Early Life and Ascension to the Throne
Tutankhamun was born to Akhenaten and his wife Kiya, although there is some debate among scholars about the identity of his mother. Akhenaten was a pharaoh who is known for his attempts to establish a monotheistic religion centered around the god Aten, rather than the traditional polytheistic religion of Egypt. Tutankhamun was likely born during Akhenaten's reign, but the exact year is unknown.
When Akhenaten died, his son Smenkhkare briefly ruled Egypt before he also died. Tutankhamun, who was around nine years old at the time, then ascended to the throne. His reign was short, lasting only around ten years, and he is believed to have been around 19 years old when he died.

Tutankhamun's Reign
Tutankhamun's reign was largely unremarkable, although he did make some efforts to undo the religious reforms of his father and return Egypt to the traditional polytheistic religion. He also moved the capital back to Thebes from Akhenaten's capital at Amarna.
One of the most significant events of Tutankhamun's reign was his marriage to his half-sister, Ankhesenamun. The marriage was likely arranged to maintain the royal bloodline and avoid any disputes over succession. Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun did not have any surviving children, although it is possible that they had one or more children who died in infancy.

Tutankhamun's Death
Tutankhamun's death is one of the most enduring mysteries of ancient Egypt. The exact cause of his death is unknown, although there are several theories.
One theory is that Tutankhamun died as a result of an accident or injury. Some evidence suggests that he may have broken his leg shortly before his death, which could have led to an infection or other complications. However, this theory has been disputed by some scholars who argue that the leg injury was not severe enough to have caused his death.
Another theory is that Tutankhamun was murdered. Some have suggested that he was assassinated by one of his advisors or that he was the victim of a conspiracy. There is some evidence to support this theory, including the fact that Tutankhamun's body was hastily mummified and that his heart was missing from his body when it was discovered.
One of the most intriguing theories about Tutankhamun's death is that he was poisoned. This theory is based on the discovery of elevated levels of a toxic metal called arsenic in Tutankhamun's body. However, some scholars have argued that the arsenic levels could have been the result of embalming materials used during the mummification process.

The Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb
Despite his brief reign and unremarkable accomplishments, Tutankhamun has become one of the most famous pharaohs in history due to the discovery of his tomb in 1922. The tomb was discovered by British archaeologist Howard Carter, who had been searching for the tomb for many years.
When Carter first entered the tomb, he famously exclaimed, "I see wonderful things!" The tomb was filled with treasures, including gold jewelry, statues, and furniture.
The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb was a landmark event in the history of archaeology, and it captured the imagination of people around the world. The treasures that were found in the tomb provided a glimpse into the opulence and grandeur of the ancient Egyptian civilization.
The tomb itself was relatively small compared to other royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings, which may explain why it remained undiscovered for so long. The tomb was also located beneath the tomb of another pharaoh, which may have further obscured its presence.
The treasures found in the tomb included a golden mask that covered the pharaoh's mummified face, as well as a chariot, jewelry, and a throne. The tomb also contained four smaller rooms, which contained additional treasures and the remains of various animals that were likely buried as offerings to the gods.
The discovery of the tomb sparked a renewed interest in ancient Egypt and led to a surge in the popularity of Egyptology. The treasures from the tomb were exhibited around the world, and they continue to fascinate people to this day.

The Curse of Tutankhamun
One of the most enduring myths surrounding Tutankhamun is the so-called "Curse of the Pharaohs." According to this legend, anyone who enters a pharaoh's tomb will be cursed with bad luck or even death.
The curse of Tutankhamun became widely known after several members of the team that discovered the tomb died under mysterious circumstances. These deaths were attributed to the curse, although modern scholars have largely dismissed the idea of a curse as superstition.
It is true that several members of the team that discovered the tomb did die under unusual circumstances, but there is no evidence to suggest that their deaths were the result of a curse. Most of the deaths were caused by natural causes or accidents, and there is no evidence to suggest that any curse was involved.

Conclusion
The life and death of Tutankhamun continue to fascinate people around the world. Despite his brief reign and unremarkable accomplishments, Tutankhamun has become one of the most famous pharaohs in history due to the discovery of his tomb and the mystery surrounding his death. While the exact cause of his death remains unknown, the treasures found in his tomb have provided a glimpse into the opulence and grandeur of ancient Egypt, and they continue to captivate people to this day.

Exploring the mysteries of Tutankhamun's life and death can be an unforgettable experience, and with our Egypt travel packages, you can immerse yourself in the fascinating history and culture of Egypt.  Book now to embark on a journey of discovery to this ancient land of wonders.

Are you planning a trip to Egypt? If so, make sure to add the Kom Ombo Temple to your itinerary. This ancient temple, located in Aswan, is a must-visit destination for history buffs and archaeology enthusiasts. With its unique design, fascinating history, and impressive architecture, the Kom Ombo Temple is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Egypt. In this blog post, we'll explore the secrets of the Kom Ombo Temple and all the fascinating facts that make it a true gem of ancient Egypt.

 

Introduction to Kom Ombo Temple

The Kom Ombo Temple is a double temple that was built during the Ptolemaic dynasty, around 180-47 BC. It is located on the east bank of the Nile River in the small town of Kom Ombo, about 30 miles north of Aswan. The temple is dedicated to two gods: Sobek, the crocodile god, and Horus, the falcon-headed god. The temple is unique in design, with two identical sections, one for each god. Each section has its own entrance, hypostyle hall, and sanctuary. 

Where is Kom Ombo Located?

Kom Ombo is a small town located in Upper Egypt, approximately 45 kilometers north of the city of Aswan. The town sits on the east bank of the Nile River, with the temple of Kom Ombo located right on the river's edge. The temple is easily accessible by car, taxi, or boat, and visitors can enjoy stunning views of the Nile and surrounding desert landscape.

 

Who Built the Temple of Kom Ombo?

The temple of Kom Ombo was built during the Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC. The temple was dedicated to two gods, Sobek and Horus, and was built on a site that had been sacred to these gods since ancient times. The temple was constructed over a period of several centuries, with different pharaohs and rulers adding their own contributions.

 

History of Kom Ombo Temple

The history of the Kom Ombo Temple dates back to the time of the Pharaohs. It is believed that the original temple was built during the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-145 BC), but most of the surviving structures were built during the reign of Ptolemy XIII Neos Dionysos (51-47 BC). The temple was built on the site of an older temple dedicated to the god Sobek, which was destroyed by the Nile flood.

The temple was an important religious center during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. It was also a center of healing, with a hospital located nearby. The temple was also used for astronomical observations, and the walls of the temple are covered with astronomical scenes and hieroglyphs.

 

Significance of Kom Ombo Temple

The Kom Ombo Temple is significant for several reasons. It is one of the few double temples still standing in Egypt. It is also the only temple dedicated to the gods Sobek and Horus. The temple is also significant for its historical and cultural significance. The temple is a testament to the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the ancient Egyptians. It is also an important site for the study of ancient Egyptian religion and mythology.

 

Architecture of Kom Ombo Temple

The Kom Ombo Temple is a masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture. The temple is designed in a symmetrical fashion, with two identical sections, one for each god. The temple is built of sandstone and has a series of halls and chambers, including a hypostyle hall, a vestibule, and a sanctuary. The walls of the temple are covered with hieroglyphs, scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology, and astronomical scenes.

The temple also has a number of unique features, including a Nilometer, which was used to measure the level of the Nile River, and a crocodile museum, which houses the mummified remains of crocodiles that were once worshipped in the temple.

 

Fascinating Facts about Kom Ombo Temple

There are many fascinating facts about the Kom Ombo Temple. For example, the temple was built on the site of an older temple dedicated to the god Sobek, which was destroyed by the Nile flood. The temple is also the only temple in Egypt dedicated to the gods Sobek and Horus. The temple was also an important center of healing during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, with a hospital located nearby. The walls of the temple are covered with astronomical scenes and hieroglyphs, making it an important site for the study of ancient Egyptian astronomy.

 

The Kom Ombo Temple Complex

The Kom Ombo Temple is not just a single temple, but a complex of temples, chapels, and other buildings. The temple complex includes the main temple dedicated to Sobek and Horus, as well as a number of other temples dedicated to other gods and goddesses, such as Isis and Anubis.

The temple complex also includes a number of other buildings, such as a hospital, a Nilometer, and a crocodile museum. The complex is surrounded by a wall, and there are a number of courtyards and gardens within the complex.

 

Mythology Associated with Kom Ombo Temple

The Kom Ombo Temple is associated with several myths and legends from ancient Egyptian mythology. One of the most famous stories is the legend of Horus and Set. According to the legend, Horus and Set were two brothers who battled for control of Egypt. Set killed Horus and cut his body into pieces, but Horus was eventually resurrected by his mother, Isis. The temple is also associated with the god Sobek, who was worshipped as the god of the Nile and the protector of fertility.

 

Why Was the Temple of Kom Ombo Built?

The temple of Kom Ombo was built to honor the gods Sobek and Horus, who were both important deities in ancient Egyptian religion. Sobek was the crocodile god, revered for his strength and power, while Horus was the god of the sky and kingship. The temple was also believed to have healing powers, and many people came to the temple seeking cures for their ailments.

 
The temple was also an important center of commerce and trade, as it was located on a major trade route that connected Upper Egypt with Nubia and the Red Sea. Merchants and traders would often stop at the temple to offer gifts and prayers to the gods, and to seek their protection and blessings for their journeys.

 

The Discovery and Restoration of Kom Ombo Temple

The Kom Ombo Temple was rediscovered in the 19th century by French archaeologist Auguste Mariette. The temple was in a state of disrepair, and much of the temple had been destroyed by the Nile flood. Mariette began the process of restoring the temple, but it was not until the 1960s that the temple was fully restored.

Today, the temple is one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is visited by thousands of tourists every year.

 

Visiting Kom Ombo Temple - Tips and Guidelines

If you are planning a visit to the Kom Ombo Temple, there are a few things you should keep in mind. The temple is located in the small town of Kom Ombo, about 30 miles north of Aswan. The temple is open to visitors every day from 8 am to 5 pm. It is recommended that you visit the temple early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds.

When visiting the temple, it is important to respect the rules and regulations. Do not touch or climb on the ancient structures, and do not take any souvenirs from the site.

 

Kom Ombo Temple Surroundings

The temple of Kom Ombo is surrounded by several other interesting sites to explore in the area around Kom Ombo. One of the most popular is the temple of Edfu, which is located approximately 50 kilometers to the north. This temple is dedicated to the god Horus and is one of the best-preserved ancient temples in Egypt.

 

Temple of Kom Ombo Tickets Price and Opening Hours

If you're planning a visit to the temple of Kom Ombo, you'll be pleased to know that it is open daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The entrance fee for the temple is 140 Egyptian pounds per person (as of 2021), and this includes access to the temple complex and the museum. Visitors can also purchase a combined ticket that includes entry to other nearby sites, such as the temple of Edfu and the Nubian Museum.

 

Conclusion
The Kom Ombo Temple is a true gem of ancient Egypt. With its unique design, impressive architecture, and fascinating history, the temple is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Egypt. Whether you are a history buff or an archaeology enthusiast, a visit to the Kom Ombo Temple is a must. So, add it to your itinerary and discover the secrets of this iconic temple for yourself! 

Browse our Egypt Vacations and visit the Temple of Kom Ombo

Are you ready to embark on a journey through time and witness the glory of one of the most majestic temples in ancient Egypt? Get ready to unravel the secrets of the Edfu Temple, a temple dedicated to the falcon god Horus, located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu. This temple is a true wonder of ancient Egyptian architecture and religion, and its mysteries and legends continue to fascinate scholars and visitors alike.

 

Introduction to the Edfu Temple

The Edfu Temple is one of the best-preserved temples in Egypt, and it is a must-see attraction for anyone interested in ancient Egyptian culture and history. The temple was built during the Ptolemaic period, between 237 and 57 BC, and it took almost 200 years to complete. The temple is dedicated to the falcon god Horus, who was one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion. The temple was built on the site of an earlier temple from the New Kingdom period, and it is one of the largest temples in Egypt, covering an area of almost 23,000 square meters.

 

Where is the Temple of Edfu Located?

The Edfu Temple is located in the town of Edfu, which is situated on the west bank of the Nile River. Edfu is approximately halfway between Aswan and Luxor, making it an ideal stop for tourists who are traveling between the two cities. The temple is situated on a high mound, which gives visitors a panoramic view of the surrounding area.

Who Built the Temple of Edfu?

The Edfu Temple was built during the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC. The temple was built to honor the god Horus, who was one of the most important deities in ancient Egyptian mythology. The construction of the temple was carried out over a period of almost 200 years, with work starting in 237 BC and finishing in 57 BC.

 

When Was the Temple of Edfu Built?

The construction of the Edfu Temple began in 237 BC during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes. The temple was built on the site of an earlier temple that had been destroyed by floods. The temple was completed in 57 BC during the reign of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos. Over the years, the temple has undergone several renovations and restorations, which have helped to preserve its condition.

 

What Was the Temple of Edfu Built For?

The Edfu Temple was built as a place of worship for the god Horus. The temple was also used for various religious ceremonies and festivals throughout the year. In addition to its religious significance, the temple was also an important cultural center. It housed a library and a school where priests were trained in the art of writing and reading hieroglyphics.

 

The history of the Edfu Temple

The history of the Edfu Temple is closely linked to the history of ancient Egypt itself. The temple was built during the Ptolemaic period, a time when Egypt was ruled by Greek-speaking kings who had adopted many aspects of Egyptian culture and religion. The temple was built to replace an earlier temple from the New Kingdom period, which had fallen into disrepair. The construction of the new temple was a massive undertaking that took almost 200 years to complete.

The temple was built by several Ptolemaic kings, but the most important of these was Ptolemy III, who was responsible for starting the construction of the temple. The temple was completed by his successor, Ptolemy IV, who dedicated the temple to Horus, the falcon god. The temple was an important center of worship for Horus, and it played a key role in the religious life of ancient Egypt.

 

The architecture of the Edfu Temple

The Edfu Temple is a true masterpiece of ancient Egyptian architecture, and it is a testament to the skill and ingenuity of the ancient Egyptians. The temple is built in the traditional Egyptian style, with a large courtyard, a hypostyle hall, and several smaller rooms and chambers. The temple is decorated with intricate carvings and hieroglyphs, which tell the story of the temple's construction and the history of Horus.

One of the most impressive features of the temple is the massive entrance pylon, which is almost 36 meters high. The pylon is decorated with scenes from the life of Horus, including his battles with his arch-nemesis, the god Seth. The hypostyle hall is also a marvel of ancient Egyptian engineering, with 12 massive columns that are decorated with scenes from the life of Horus.

 

The significance of the Edfu Temple in ancient Egyptian religion

The Edfu Temple was an important center of worship for Horus, the falcon god, and it played a key role in the religious life of ancient Egypt. Horus was one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, and he was associated with the sky, kingship, and protection.

The temple was also an important site for the annual festival of Horus, which was celebrated in honor of the god. The festival was a time of great celebration and feasting, and it was an important event in the religious calendar of ancient Egypt.

 

The myths and legends associated with the Edfu Temple

The Edfu Temple is steeped in myths and legends, which have fascinated scholars and visitors for centuries. According to one legend, the temple was built on the site where Horus defeated his arch-nemesis, the god Seth, in a great battle. Another legend tells of a secret chamber within the temple, which is said to contain a hidden treasure.

Perhaps the most famous legend associated with the temple is the myth of the Eye of Horus. According to the myth, Horus lost his left eye in a battle with Seth, but the eye was magically restored by the god Thoth. The eye became a symbol of protection and healing, and it was often used in amulets and other religious objects.

 

The mysteries of the Edfu Temple

Despite its long history and its importance in ancient Egyptian religion, the Edfu Temple still holds many mysteries and secrets. One of the most intriguing of these is the secret chamber within the temple, which is said to contain a hidden treasure.

Another mystery is the purpose of the massive entrance pylon, which is decorated with scenes from the life of Horus. Some scholars believe that the pylon was designed to intimidate visitors and to demonstrate the power of the Ptolemaic kings.

 

The restoration and preservation of the Edfu Temple

The Edfu Temple has undergone several restoration and preservation projects over the years, in order to protect it from the ravages of time and to ensure that it remains accessible to visitors. The most recent restoration project was completed in 2010, and it involved cleaning and repairing the temple's intricate carvings and hieroglyphs.

The restoration project also included the installation of new lighting and ventilation systems, which will help to protect the temple from damage caused by humidity and other environmental factors.

 

What to see inside Edfu Temple

As you enter the Edfu Temple, you will be struck by the sheer size and grandeur of the structure. The temple is made up of several different sections, each of which has its own unique features and decorations. The main entrance to the temple is through the first pylon, which is a massive gateway that is adorned with intricate carvings and hieroglyphics.

Once inside the temple, you will find yourself in the first courtyard, which is surrounded by a colonnade of 32 columns. The courtyard is decorated with scenes of gods and goddesses, as well as various mythical creatures. From the first courtyard, you will enter the hypostyle hall, which is supported by 12 massive columns. The walls of the hypostyle hall are covered in hieroglyphics and scenes from Egyptian mythology.

Beyond the hypostyle hall, you will enter the sanctuary, which is the most sacred part of the temple. The sanctuary is home to the statue of Horus, which was believed to be the god's physical manifestation. The statue is made of black granite and stands over six meters tall. The sanctuary is also decorated with scenes of Horus and other important deities.

Edfu Temple Opening Hours

The Edfu Temple is open to visitors every day from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. However, it is important to note that the temple can get quite busy, especially during peak tourist season. To avoid the crowds, it is recommended that you visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
 

 

Tips for visiting the Edfu Temple

If you are planning a visit to the Edfu Temple, there are a few things that you should keep in mind. First, be sure to wear comfortable shoes, as the temple is quite large and you will be doing a lot of walking. Second, be prepared for the heat, as the temple can get quite hot during the day.

Finally, be sure to bring a camera, as the temple is a photographer's dream, with its intricate carvings and hieroglyphs, and its stunning architecture.

 

Other temples to visit in the area

If you are interested in ancient Egyptian temples, there are several other temples in the area that are worth visiting. One of these is the Kom Ombo Temple, which is dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek and the falcon god Horus. Another temple is the Philae Temple, which is located on an island in the Nile, and which was dedicated to the goddess Isis.

 

Conclusion
The Edfu Temple is a true wonder of ancient Egyptian architecture and religion, and it is a must-see attraction for anyone interested in the history and culture of ancient Egypt. Its mysteries and legends continue to fascinate scholars and visitors alike, and its intricate carvings and hieroglyphs offer a glimpse into the past that is truly awe-inspiring.

 

So, what are you waiting for? Start planning your trip to the Edfu Temple by booking one of our Egypt Vacations and embark on a journey through time that you will never forget.

The Ancient Egypt dynasty was one of the world's most advanced civilizations that flourished along the Nile River in Northeast Africa for over three millennia. The history of ancient Egypt is divided into several dynasties, each marked by the reign of a different pharaoh or ruler.

Here's a brief overview of the major dynasties of ancient Egypt:

Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2686 BCE): This period marked the rise of the first pharaohs of Egypt and the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. The most famous pharaoh of this period was King Narmer.

Old Kingdom (c. 2686-2181 BCE): This period saw the construction of the great pyramids and the establishment of the first centralized government in the world. The most famous pharaohs of this period were Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.

First Intermediate Period (c. 2181-2055 BCE): This period marked a time of political and social unrest in Egypt, with power struggles between various regional rulers.

Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 BCE): This period saw the reunification of Egypt under the pharaoh Mentuhotep II and the establishment of a strong central government. The most famous pharaohs of this period were Amenemhat I, Senusret I, and Amenemhat III.

Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BCE): This period marked a time of foreign domination in Egypt, with the arrival of the Hyksos, a group of Asiatic people who ruled Egypt.

New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BCE): This period marked the golden age of ancient Egypt, with the rise of powerful pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, and Ramesses II. The period also saw the expansion of Egyptian influence beyond the Nile Valley and into the Near East.

Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069-664 BCE): This period marked a time of decline and instability in Egypt, with the emergence of multiple competing centers of power and the weakening of the central government.

Late Period (c. 664-332 BCE): This period saw the rise of foreign powers such as the Assyrians, Persians, and Greeks, who gradually gained control over Egypt.

Overall, the dynastic history of ancient Egypt is a fascinating and complex topic that sheds light on one of the world's most enduring civilizations.

The ancient Egyptian calendar stands as a testament to the remarkable intellect and cultural depth of one of history's most fascinating civilizations. Rooted in the cyclical rhythms of nature, the calendar system devised by the ancient Egyptians was a remarkable blend of astronomy, religion, and practicality. Let us delve deeper into the intricacies of this ancient calendar, exploring its structure, cultural significance, and enduring impact.

Cleopatra: The Last Pharaoh and Her Influence on Egypt and Rome

Cleopatra VII Philopator, commonly known as Cleopatra, is one of the most famous figures in history. She was the last pharaoh of Egypt and is remembered for her intelligence, beauty, and political savvy. Her reign was marked by tumultuous events that shaped the course of ancient history, and her influence on both Egypt and Rome was profound. In this essay, we will explore the life of Cleopatra, her impact on Egypt and Rome, and the legacy she left behind.

Early Life and Rise to Power

Cleopatra was born in 69 BCE in Alexandria, Egypt. She was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, the pharaoh of Egypt, and his wife Cleopatra V Tryphaena. Cleopatra was the third child and had two older sisters, Berenice IV and Cleopatra VI, as well as a younger brother, Ptolemy XIII. She was educated in Alexandria, where she learned to speak several languages, including Egyptian, Greek, and Latin. Cleopatra was also trained in political science and military strategy, skills that would serve her well later in life.

Cleopatra's father died in 51 BCE, and he left the throne to his eldest daughter, Berenice IV. However, Berenice's reign was short-lived, and she was overthrown by her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, with the help of their advisors, Pothinus and Achillas. Cleopatra was forced to flee Egypt and seek refuge in Syria. She was determined to reclaim her throne and enlisted the help of Julius Caesar, the Roman general, to help her.

In 48 BCE, Cleopatra returned to Egypt with Caesar's help and defeated her brother's army. She became the sole ruler of Egypt and was crowned pharaoh. Cleopatra then formed a romantic relationship with Caesar and bore him a son, whom they named Caesarion. However, Caesar was assassinated in 44 BCE, and Cleopatra's future was once again uncertain.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony

After Caesar's death, there was a power struggle in Rome, and the Second Triumvirate was formed between Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus. Mark Antony was appointed ruler of the Eastern provinces, which included Egypt. In 41 BCE, Cleopatra visited Mark Antony in Tarsus, and the two became lovers. Cleopatra gave birth to twins, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene, and a third child, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony's relationship was more than just a love affair. They formed a political alliance that threatened Rome's power structure. Antony divorced his Roman wife, Octavia, and married Cleopatra, which was seen as an act of treason in Rome. Octavian, who was Caesar's heir, saw Antony as a threat to his own power and declared war on him.

The Battle of Actium

In 31 BCE, the forces of Octavian and Antony met in the Battle of Actium. Cleopatra commanded her own fleet and fought alongside Antony. However, they were defeated, and their forces were forced to retreat to Egypt. Octavian pursued them, and in 30 BCE, he captured Alexandria. Antony committed suicide, and Cleopatra followed suit soon after.

Legacy

Cleopatra's reign was marked by significant political and cultural achievements. She was a skilled diplomat and maintained good relations with Rome while also preserving Egypt's sovereignty. She also introduced several administrative and economic reforms that helped to stabilize the country.

Cleopatra's legacy continues to inspire fascination and intrigue, even today. Her life has been the subject of numerous books, movies, and television shows, and she has become a symbol of female power and intelligence. Her impact on Egypt and Rome was profound, and her story has inspired countless people over the centuries.

In Egypt, Cleopatra is remembered as one of the greatest pharaohs in the country's history. She was the first ruler of Egypt to speak Egyptian and to be crowned as a pharaoh alongside a male co-ruler. She was also known for her patronage of the arts, and during her reign, Alexandria became a cultural center of the ancient world. She was a supporter of Egyptian religion and worked to promote its revival, which helped to strengthen her legitimacy as a pharaoh.

In Rome, Cleopatra was viewed with suspicion and fear. She was seen as a threat to Roman power and was portrayed in the Roman media as a seductress who used her beauty to manipulate men. This image of Cleopatra as a temptress has persisted over the centuries and has been perpetuated in art, literature, and popular culture.

However, recent scholarship has challenged this image of Cleopatra and has highlighted her intelligence, political acumen, and diplomatic skills. She was a shrewd negotiator who was able to maintain good relations with Rome while also preserving Egypt's independence. She was also a master of propaganda and was able to shape her image to her advantage.

In conclusion, Cleopatra was a remarkable figure who left an indelible mark on both Egypt and Rome. Her intelligence, beauty, and political savvy have inspired countless.

Exploring the history and legacy of Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is an unforgettable experience that offers a glimpse into the ancient world and the enduring legacy of female leadership. Book our Egypt vacations today and discover the secrets of this fascinating figure and the impact she had on both Egypt and Rome.

5 Egyptian Monuments That aren't Pyramids And Almost nobody Knows

Egypt is renowned for holding one of the oldest civilizations within the world. The country is filled with story borders. However, once we speak about monuments that were made by these civilizations, the sole answer we hear is that the "pyramids."
The primary purpose of the pyramids was to protect the body of the mummified Pharaoh and his private estates, like jewelry, own utensils, and other material goods. But have you ever expected that there would be more monuments in Egypt than the pyramids?
With that in mind, we've listed for you a number of the buildings that are important in Egypt, but almost nobody knows:

1 – Malkata Palace

Amenhotep III ruled Egypt for nearly 40 years, and before his rule, Egypt had never witnessed such prosperity and riches. He was considered a king god in his Malkata palace.
The palace was huge, housing Amenhotep's entire family, servants, guests, and an enormous of princesses, each with their servants.

2– City of Tanis

The city of Tanis was one of the closest ports to the Asian coast and was considered one in every of the wealthiest cities within the region. It absolutely was a famous commercial and strategic city until it was threatened by flooding from Lake Manzala until it was finally abandoned. After a protracted time, it became referred to as the "Lost City of Tanis."

3 – Seti I time

Located in Abydos, one in each of the places that are considered very sacred in ancient Egypt. Abydos was initially dedicated to the god Wepwawet, whose goal was to open the way for the dead to enter the afterlife.
One of the few remaining temples inside Abydos was the Arrow I Temple, which has an "L" shape. The temple had commemoration halls and enormous rooms where workers raised the roof by placing many columns throughout the structure.

4 – Babylon Fortress

Initially built by the Romans, the building has been linked to Babylonian followers, and even prisoners brought from Babylon by Pharaoh Sesostris within the 19th century BC.
The fortress was considered a refuge for Christians, especially people who suffered some persecution. Within the fort itself, there are several built churches, including the "Suspended," one in every of Egypt's most famous "Coptic" churches.

 

5 – Meritamun Statue

Unlike most of Egypt's historical cities, Akhmim is still active today and is opposite the ancient Egyptian city of Ipu. As archaeologists excavated the site, they eventually discovered fragments of a statue of Ramses II and an intact 11-meter-tall statue of Meritamun, daughter of Ramses II.

Stroll the sites of the pharaohs of Egypt and find out the ancient tombs while visiting the Valley of the Kings through one amongst our Egypt travel packages.

Ancient Egypt has a rich history that spans more than 3000 years and is known for its impressive cities that have stood the test of time. These cities were built along the Nile River, which was considered the lifeblood of the entire civilization. The ancient Egyptian cities and towns were divided into lower and upper regions, with the lower cities located around the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile delta, while the upper cities were located in the deep north, such as Memphis and Thebes.

 

Each city in ancient Egypt had a unique function and played a crucial role in shaping the legacy of this immortal nation. Memphis, for example, was considered the capital of ancient Egypt during the Old Kingdom period and was home to many impressive temples and monuments dedicated to the gods. Thebes, on the other hand, was a significant religious center and was home to many of the most important temples and tombs in ancient Egypt.

 

All these ancient Egyptian cities were not just impressive in their size and function but also had a profound impact on shaping the culture and legacy of this immortal nation. They served as strongholds for the people, where they worshiped their gods, conducted trade, and built lasting monuments to their achievements. Today, these cities stand as a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of ancient Egyptian civilization, inspiring awe and wonder in all those who visit them.

 

Here is a list of the top 9 famous Ancient Egyptian cities:

 

In the vast and mystical land of ancient Egypt, a remarkable material was discovered that would forever change the course of human history. This material, known as papyrus, was a type of paper made from the stems of the papyrus plant.